Unlike the functional 2D examples we have added form, shadow, perspective and depth to add visual factors which add dimension. We’re not only looking at the type but also the shape, form, and texture of the print blocks. All of these are used to inform but priority is placed more on the creative aspect of the look and feel.Įxample 1 shows how print block letters have been carefully chosen and arranged to look like a face. The second set of examples showcases more creative uses of type. They only serve to complement and add sophistication to the message. In this example, the contrast is not only in size but also in alignment which creates an overall dynamic layout.Įven though there are some creative aspects to these compositions, it is not enough to distract from the overall message. The smaller type runs aligned left to each word in the larger type. ![]() ![]() Here we have a larger line type to the top which defines the column widths of the type below. This font feels quite classy and boutique. In example 6 we have a serif font with thick spines and thin crossbars with exaggerated serifs. Under this, we have a bold message capped into a space sealed with two line bars at the top and bottom giving it a bold, rigid, strong and assertive feel. Overall this creates a nice contrast with direction and movement on the page.Įxample 5 is simple and bold with a decorative font used for what could be a title or header of a magazine or booklet. We also see some line elements that have been used to reinforce the visual structure and layout with the headers and subheaders.Įxample 4 is simple yet dynamic, where we have a clean bold header with justified type below in a block at a unique angle. Negative space has been considered to create a structure and allow some type elements to stand out. In example 3 we have a mixture of type weights applied to the header and subheaders to create contrast and hierarchy. ![]() The examples show type in columns and some type of elements have been increased and used in capitals to add contrast. The first set of examples showcases functional uses of type which are used to inform and deliver a clear message.Įxample 1 is a basic use of type justified and placed simply on a page as one block which has a traditional feel with the use of its serif font.Įxamples 2 and 3 take the previous technique further add more dynamics with more complex compositions. The characteristics of every typeface can be broken down into what is known in design as the anatomy of type. This unique letter shape is an entity and is part of a complete typeface made of other letter shapes. ![]() Typography is one of the most commonly used elements in graphic design and is the most direct way to communicate visually, typically set either as headers or in paragraphs.Ī single letter in a typeface is a combination of geometric and organic shapes which combine together to create a larger shape. Whatever work you produce be it for a magazine, a poster, a website or an advertisement, these visual elements will play a part in your design. The basic visual elements that combine to create graphic design include the following: line, colour, shape, texture, space, form and typography. Through the harness of artistic expression, we choose these visual elements and arrange them on a surface in a layout to convey an idea. The graphic part of graphic design is made up of visual elements, the building blocks of design.
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![]() What this book coversĬhapter 1, Leap Motion SDK – A Quick Start, explores how to begin using the Leap C++ SDK right away, with a sample mouse control program. This guide is for software engineers who wish to get an overview of the Leap Software Development Kit modules, types and interfaces in C++ along with some guidelines for getting the most out of your Leap device and creating usable, gestural software interfaces. Leap Motion makes natural gesture-based interfaces a reality, and gives software developers access to a large and powerful set of features and capabilities. Once in a great while, a revolutionary and exciting new way of interacting with technology comes along. ![]() Simply use your login credentials for immediate access. If you have an account with Packt at you can use this to access PacktLib today and view nine entirely free books. Why Subscribe?įully searchable across every book published by PacktĬopy and paste, print and bookmark content Here, you can access, read and search across Packt's entire library of books. Get in touch with us at for more details.Īt you can also read a collection of free technical articles, sign up for a range of free newsletters and receive exclusive discounts and offers on Packt books and eBooks.ĭo you need instant solutions to your IT questions? PacktLib is Packt's online digital book library. You might want to visit for support files and downloads related to your book.ĭid you know that Packt offers eBook versions of every book published, with PDF and ePub files available? You can upgrade to the eBook version at and as a print book customer, you are entitled to a discount on the eBook copy. Carlos wants to keep working with brilliant people that enhance his job, his life, and his pocket. He not only cares about the money but, more importantly, about the knowledge. Working with tools such as Objective-C, Leap Motion, Titanium, and Unit圓D, Carlos makes mobile apps and games and this is what he loves to do.Ĭarlos is currently aiming to keep making awesome apps and games with skilled friends and teams. Currently, he's living in Miami Beach, FL, developing mobile apps and games, playing bass guitar, and getting to know people and places. Ramblings by Shaun can be found at his blog at or on Twitter Zinato, aged 25, is from São Paulo, Brazil. With a history in corporate IT support, working on network integration, software and web development, his main employment is with a Brisbane-based medical start-up. His areas of focus during his studies were in augmented reality, virtual reality, and gesture-based interactions. Shaun has a Bachelor's degree in Computing, majoring in Human Interface Technology, part of the HITLab, an International collaboration effort between a few universities around the world. ![]() He enjoys tinkering with electronics, listening to music, playing computer games, and working on small projects that generally never get finished. Shaun Walker is a software and web developer from Tasmania, Australia. I would also like to thank Hep Svadja Hepic Photography, for the amazing pictures. Special mention to Elizabeth Ruscitto for taking the time to provide me with informative answers to my queries. This book would not exist without the extremely passionate people at Leap Motion, whose vision and heroic efforts to improve the interactions between humans and computers should be commended. His passions are architecting elegant and useful programs and sharing his insights into software design with others in a straightforward and entertaining fashion. Slightly infamous from light-hearted technical pranks from his youth, he is now a respectable CTO at a healthcare software startup. Mischa Spiegelmock is an accomplished software engineer from the San Francisco Bay Area. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.Įvery effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. WindowFlinger – a high-level gesture applicationĪll rights reserved. Support files, eBooks, discount offers and more ![]() The result was an unbelievably refreshing hard seltzer with no funky aftertaste. More sweet than tart, the floral undertones and carbonation kept the drink from becoming too cloying. I would describe it as a mix of rose, strawberry, and a bit of watermelon. The lychee seltzer is deliciously light with a subtle floral flavor. ![]() I had never tasted anything like it, and it was my instant favorite. So, I was the most excited to try this flavor, in particular. Lychee: Floral, Sweet, And A Little Tart (Nectar Seltzer)īlame it on my Midwestern grocery selection, but I had never had lychee fruit before. Having tried them all, I can attest that each is better than the last. It has created an incredible line of Asian-inspired seltzers with flavors like lychee, yuzu, and more. Of course, at the end of the day, there’s only one factor that really matters: flavor. They have zero grams of sugar, one gram of carbs, and 90 calories per serving. Nectar seltzers are gluten-free, vegan, and keto-friendly. They want to talk to customers, inviting them into the production process, because they believe in what they’re making.Īnd indeed, they should. The company has an active (and hilarious) TikTok feed run by the founders themselves. The California-based company is innovative, refreshing, and unique-just like the seltzers they make. Who Is Nectar? (Nectar Seltzer)Ĭo-founders Jeremy Kim and John Dalsey founded Nectar in December 2020, and the hard seltzer game has never been the same since. Just when I had succumbed to the idea that all hard seltzers were “meh” at best, I met Nectar. Moreover, they all boast similar ABVs of four to six percent.Īfter a certain point, you’re paying for the name-not a new product. Many brands also offer the same handful of flavors with strange, chemically aftertastes. They’re usually low in calories, carbs, and sugar. Most of these seltzers tout the same features. Countless companies have released versions of these light, bubbly drinks, from seltzer-specific brands to cheap pilsner staples like Pabst Blue Ribbon. The hard seltzer bandwagon is a crowded one. YTD Video Downloader is slightly different because you can download multiple videos at once with a subscription. But one thing makes me and may make you feel confused is that, when visiting its official website, we are directed to its Mac version only and you cannot find any portal to download the Windows version on its main page. Other apps that allow users to watch YouTube videos without an internet connection, as well as download videos from other sites, are 4K Video Downloader and YTD Video Downloader. Ummy Video Downloader is available for both Windows users and Mac users. Ummy Video Downloader is a free extension that lets you download videos from web sites directly to your PC so you can watch them anytime saving you internet connection. Look for object that is pertaining to Ummy Video Downloader and remove it from the browser. Segera setelah Anda menyalin tautannya, video akan muncul di antarmuka aplikasi, sehingga Anda hanya perlu. Pengunduh YouTube ini dirancang khusus untuk dapat digunakan semudah mungkin. Type about:addons in the address bar and press Enter on keyboard. Ummy Video Downloader adalah aplikasi yang sangat sederhana untuk mengunduh video YouTube dalam hitungan detik. Once the download is finished, click on ‘Play’ Uninstall Ummy Video Downloader Extension from Mozilla Firefox. Flash Video Downloader For Chrome free download - All Video Downloader, YTD Video Downloader, SpeedBit Video Downloader, and many more programs.Leave the video format as the default or choose a different one from the dropdown.Ummy Online Video Downloader is a free URL video download tool to save videos from various video sources. Choose which folder on your device you want the video to download to Besides these, SavetheVideo has a Chrome extension that allows you to download videos with a click. ![]() Go to your chosen video website and copy a video’s URL into the URL field in the app.On our high-speed, wired internet connection, the download took 25 minutes. We tested the app with a 12-minute video from YouTube, which we converted from 4K to HD to reduce the download time. We found Ummy awfully slow to install, taking around 20 minutes. Easy Video Downloader is a browser extension that helps you quickly download video, audio and image resources used in web-pages. AntDM allows to download free streaming video and audio from numerous web sites, supports P2P peer-to-peer protocol. We haven’t experienced any problems and it does appear to be free of malware and other threats. Ant Download Manager (AntDM) is a quick download manager for any Internet file, that fully integrates with all popular browsers. The download page displays the Norton Safe Web checkmark. It’s not available from the Microsoft Store, so you need to find an alternative download link. Main menu Best VPN Best Antivirus Best Image Editors Best Free to Play Games Best PC Games Free PDF Online Tools. Then, you have to buy a license key by subscribing to a monthly, 6-month, or lifetime package. Google Chrome Extensions Wordpress Best Products. However, you can only download one video for free. We recommend not downloading warez or porn videos.ĭue to restrictions of the chrome store, downloading youtube videos is not allowed.Yes, it’s free to download the Ummy Video Downloader app. We assume no responsibility for the inappropriate use of Ummy. Note that downloads may be protected by copyright accorded to the laws of your country. Simply install the addon to your chrome browser in seconds, no need to install any software to your pc unlike other programs. You can also download music videos and flash games to enjoy on your device. Ummy icon appears and you can download the video from any website like liveleak, keepvid, veojam, genvideos, crunchyroll, and more. Once you've installed for FREE, just go to the desired website with your favorite web browser and play the video. No need to install software to your computer, it is a simple addon to the browser. ![]() HD videos and formats of the most popular websites.Create your own super video list and enjoy it at any time wherever you are. Ummy is the fastest and easiest way to download online videos to your computer, so you can always watch them even when no internet connection is available. ![]() Ummy Video Downloader is a free extension that lets you download videos from web sites directly to your PC so you can watch them anytime saving you internet connection. ![]() This is to ensure product development, safety, and security of the technology. If we ever reach that point, initial SoulKeyboard sessions for the public will be a service, not a take-home product. (See SoulPhone Device Overview at for more information about these anticipated technologies.) That greatly enhanced quality of communication with postmaterial scientists will hopefully expedite development of the SoulAudio and SoulVideo devices. That component is needed to develop the SoulKeyboard, a series of switches / keys to allow texting and typing with PMPs. However, based on progress in the last several years, successful completion of the SoulSwitch is quite likely. Achieving those results would be an unprecedented accomplishment. There is no guarantee that this device will ever be perfected. Where can I buy one and how much will it cost?Ī: Research and development (R & D) are focused on achieving a breakthrough SoulSwitch that provides a 99.9% accurate Yes / No response in near real-time from postmaterial persons. Q: I am very interested in the SoulKeyboard. To learn more about this, see article #31 What Is a Postmaterial Person at ) ![]() I will use the term ‘postmaterial persons’ (PMPs) instead of ‘spirits’ for people whose earthly bodies have died. Copyright 2019 įor this update, I’ll share answers to recent commonly asked questions. (2019) Is Consciousness Primary? Perspectives from the founding members of the Academy for the Advancement of Postmaterialist Sciences. Schwartz, Gary E., Woollacott Marjorie H., eds. A computer-automated, multi-center, multi-blinded, randomized control trial evaluating hypothesized spirit presence and communication. (2011) Photonic Measurement of Apparent Presence of Spirit Using a Computer Automated System. EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing 6, pages 166-171. Possible application of silicon photomultiplier technology to detect the presence of spirit and intention: three proof-of-concept experiments. Schwartz has written the following papers for peer-reviewed scientific journals: I will share advancements that have occurred since the 20 Updates (see below).ĭr. In addition, a team of postmaterial (‘deceased’) inventors, scientists, and other luminaries have assisted the research and development. He and a team of electrical engineers, software specialists, evidential mediums, and others have worked on this project for twelve years. He was an early researcher on energy healing at the University of Arizona. Schwartz was previously an assistant professor at Harvard and tenured professor at Yale where he was instrumental in founding the field of behavioral medicine. is a senior professor at the University of Arizona where he directs the SoulPhone Project at the Laboratory for Advancements in Consciousness and Health. We have got to take that into account.”Īnother group expresses a more “hawkish” view, meaning it favors further rate increases. “And then you add the bank stresses on top of it. “Maybe the majority of the tightening impact of what the Fed already did is still to come,” Austan Goolsbee, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, said last month. The doves also think that pausing rate hikes to ensure that the Fed doesn’t go too far might help achieve the tantalizing prospect of a “soft landing.” This is the hoped-for scenario in which the Fed would manage to tame inflation without causing a recession, or at least not a very deep one. Raising rates again too soon, they feel, could excessively weaken the economy. The more dovish officials also worry that this spring’s banking turmoil, with three large banks collapsing in two months, might have compounded the brake on economic growth by causing other banks to restrict lending. ![]() The doves, who include Powell and other top officials, think it takes a year or more for rate hikes to deliver their full effect and that the Fed should stop hiking, at least temporarily, to evaluate the impact so far. The camp that’s leaning against another rate increase is considered “dovish,” in Fed parlance. This concern has left policymakers deeply divided about their next steps. Several Fed officials contend that rates are already high enough to slow hiring and growth and that if they go much higher, they could cause a deep recession. The average rate on a five-year loan has jumped from 4.5% early last year to 7.5% in the first three months of this year. Many consumers have had to bear the weight of that costlier cost credit card debt.Īuto loans have grown more expensive, too. Compared with a year ago, sales of existing homes have tumbled by nearly a quarter.Ĭredit card rates have also climbed higher - topping 20% on average nationwide, up from 16.3% before the Fed’s rate hikes began. The average rate on a 30-year mortgage has nearly doubled, from 3.8% in March 2022 to 6.8% now. The rate increases have led to sharply higher mortgage rates, which have contributed to a steep fall in home sales. The policymakers hope that the resulting tighter credit will slow spending, cool the economy and curb inflation. The Fed raised its rate by a substantial 5 percentage points in 14 months - the fastest pace of increases in 40 years, to a 16-year high. (The committee has 19 members at full strength one spot is now vacant.) economist at Deutsche Bank Securities.įor more than a year, the Fed’s 18-member rate-setting committee has presented a united front: The officials were nearly unanimous in their support for rapid rate hikes to throttle a burst of inflation that had leapt to the highest level in four decades. ![]() “That’s probably the only way to keep the committee cohesive in an environment where they have seem to have somewhat broadening disagreements,” said Matthew Luzzetti, chief U.S. ![]() Those may show that officials expect their key rate to rise a quarter-point by year’s end - to about 5.4%, above their estimate in March. The clearest signal that a skip, rather than a pause, is in the works will likely be seen in the quarterly economic projections that policymakers will issue Wednesday. ![]() Comparatively, True North Bricks’ average is 170 bricks per fig. In a 3187-piece kit, the brick-to-fig ratio works out to 145 bricks per Minifigure. ![]() If we add R2-D2 and the dewback to the character count, there are 22 figurines included with Mos Eisley. I will not go through them all here… but that’s a lot. The only real negative about these characters is that two come with stumpy legs. They have special features that do not allow for printing on both sides of the head. This negates the usual loss of points for lacking double-sided faces in my opinion. Interestingly, nine of them have specially molded heads. Additionally, all characters have front and back torso printing, five characters have double sided faces, and seven have leg printing. Of the 20 characters, nine are unique to this set. ![]() In addition, you also get R2-D2 (which counts as a minifig) and a dewback. Ever since 1958, LEGO® building bricks have met the highest industry standards, which ensures they are consistent, compatible and connect and pull apart easily every time.Mos Eisley includes a whopping 20 Minifigures.This LEGO® Star Wars™ set for adults is part of a collection of inspiring LEGO® building kits designed for you, the discerning hobbyist, as you look for your next fun and creative DIY project.Includes easy-to-follow instructions so even LEGO® newcomers can build confidently, plus an illustrated booklet about the set, its model designer and the Star Wars™ stories that inspired it.So give yourself a well-earned break and enjoy recreating an iconic Star Wars™ location. No batteries required – this set offers a hands-on, mindful building experience with LEGO® bricks only.Alongside the attachable buildings and 2 Landspeeders it makes an awesome display piece. The buildable Mos Eisley Cantina model measures over 7.5” (19cm) high, 20.5” (52cm) wide and 23” (58cm) deep when opened up.The perfect way to click your stress away, this 3,187-piece Star Wars™ construction kit makes a wonderful treat for yourself and a special birthday or holiday gift for the Star Wars fan or hobbyist in your life.The Cantina has a removable roof for easy access to the different booths so you can explore the many authentic details and play out stories with the heroes and an array of smugglers, bounty hunters and aliens.This building kit features 21 LEGO® minifigures, including Chewbacca, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Ponda Baba, Garindan and Labria, plus an R2-D2 LEGO® droid figure and a Dewback LEGO® figure to bring the Tatooine tavern to life.Immerse yourself in a challenging build and then recreate classic Star Wars: A New Hope scenes with this highly detailed LEGO® Star Wars™ Mos Eisley Cantina (75290) Master Builder Series display model. ![]() One of a huge variety of LEGO Star Wars sets, this building set for adults makes a super gift for yourself, Star Wars fans and hobbyists in your life. This building kit comes with clear instructions so you can enjoy every step of the hands-on, DIY experience. Bring your Tatooine scene to life with 21 LEGO® minifigures, including Luke Skywalker, Han Solo and C-3PO, new-for-October-2020 Ponda Baba, Garindan and Labria, plus an R2-D2 LEGO® droid figure. A Dewback LEGO® figure and 2 Landspeeders complete a wonderful display piece. This immersive build is a great way to relax and reconnect with your Star Wars passion. This 3,187-piece Master Builder Series set features the Cantina with lots of authentic details to delight fans, plus attachable buildings to recreate a Mos Eisley city scene. Enjoy quality me-time and relive iconic Star Wars: A New Hope moments with the awesome LEGO® Star Wars™ Mos Eisley Cantina (75290) construction model for display. The temperature moderating effects of green roofs can reduce demand on power plants, and potentially decrease the amount of CO2 and other polluting by-products being released into the air. The plants on green roofs can capture airborne pollutants, atmospheric deposition, and also filter noxious gases. This can play a role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting urban areas to a future climate with warmer summers. ![]() Green roofs can also help reduce the distribution of dust and particulate matter throughout the city, as well as the production of smog. UHI is also mitigated by the covering some of the hottest surfaces in the urban environment - black rooftops. The light absorbed by vegetation would otherwise be converted into heat energy. Through the daily dew and evaporation cycle, plants on vertical and horizontal surfaces are able to cool cities during hot summer months and reduce the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Green roofs reduce the amount of stormwater runoff and also delay the time at which runoff occurs, resulting in decreased stress on sewer systems at peak flow periods Green Roofs not only retain rainwater, but also moderate the temperature of the water and act as natural filters for any of the water that happens to run off In winter, green roofs can retain between 25-40% of the precipitation that falls on them In summer, green roofs can retain 70-90% of the precipitation that falls on them With green roofs, water is stored by the substrate and then taken up by the plants from where it is returned to the atmosphere through transpiration and evaporation Prolonging the service life of heating, ventilation, and HVAC systems through decreased use Using recycled materials in the growing medium Prolonging the life of waterproofing membranes, reducing associated waste Green roofs can contribute to landfill diversion by: Urban greening has long been promoted as an easy and effective strategy for beautifying the built environment and increasing investment opportunity GRHC members are an excellence source of green roof expertise, and a resource manual is available from GRHC's Green Infrastructure Store. Hence, all technical performance details provided will vary by region, climate, building, design, and green wall type. ![]() Please note: while there are similarities among green roofs, each installation is unique. Green roofs offer many public, private, and design-based benefits. Tap the Print button, and those printers you checked in Printopia will appear as available options for printing. Go back to your iPhone or iPad and find a document you’d like to print. Make sure the printers you want your iOS device to be able to see are checked-and your setup is complete. That might include printers connected via USB, or printers plugged into an AirPort base station that your Mac also connects to. The preference pane should find all the printers your Mac can print to. Printopia installs as a Preference Pane inside System Preferences on your Mac. ![]() Once you fall in love with Printopia like I did, it costs twenty bucks to own. ![]() What’s proved even more important to me in my daily use is that Printopia can print to files on your Mac, too-but we’ll get to that in a bit.ĭownload a free trial of Printopia from Ecamm’s website, which we’ll include in the show notes. If you want to read more, Dan Frakes wrote a review for Macworld and gave Printopia a score of “5 Mice,” the highest score that Macworld awards.If your Mac can print to a printer, Printopia can enable your iOS device to do so, too. You can try it out for free, and a license costs $20. In short, Printopia is my favorite because it’s feature rich, easy to set up, and extremely reliable. If you’re looking for the least expensive option to simply enable AirPrint for your iOS devices, then check out handyPrint. It is a pay-what-you-want application (you have to donate at least $1) and it does just one thing: takes the printers your Mac is connected to and makes them available as AirPrint enabled printers. If all you want to do is print, then handyPrint may be the app for you. I am ardent about having as few icons in my Menu Bar as possible, and therefore I kept searching for alternatives. Presto costs $1.95/month and not only does it allow you to print to your printers, but it also lets you to configure folders that you can print to on your computer.īut there was one critical deal breaker for me: Fingerprint runs in the Menu Bar. If your home or office PC is a Windows machine, this may be the solution for you. I discovered Fingerprint when helping a friend set up AirPrint for his Windows-equipped office - we were searching for AirPrint enablers that worked on Windows.įingerprint used to have both a Mac and a Windows version, but now it is Windows only. Fingerprint was the first app I came across that could solve my AirPrint conundrum. ![]() What was originally called Fingerprint has now been updated to Presto. Though I mostly use Printopia for printing out documents, it’s helpful to have these additional features available when I do want to use them. This is like taking a document on my phone and opening it in an application that’s on my Mac. In addition to printing to a folder, Printopia also allows me to “print” directly to an application, such as PDFpen. And, with an app like Hazel, I can set up all sorts of nerdy actions to process the files I print to my Mac. You can save it to a standard folder, a Dropbox folder, or send the file to an application (such as iPhoto, Yojimbo, Evernote, etc.)įor example, if I’m triaging email from my iPad and a receipt comes in, I can save it to the “Receipts” folder on my Mac. Using Printopia to print to a folder means that whatever it is you’re printing gets saved as a PDF to that folder on your Mac. Printing to a folder is just like the “Save as PDF…” options in your Mac’s print dialog box. Tip: To print from iOS Mail, hit the “Reply” button and you’ll see the option for printing.Īdditionally, Printopia can “Print” to any folder on my Mac. With Printopia running on my Mac, my iPhone and iPad can see my laser printer and print to it so long as my iOS device and my Mac are on the same wireless network. The premier feature of Printopia is, obviously, that it allows me to print to my home printers. Of the apps I tried, Printopia is clearly the best AirPrint enabler out there. Of the options out there, Printopia is my favorite. There are a few decent apps that give you this functionality (and some include more features than other). ![]() Thus bridging the gap between your iPhone and iPad and the printer. These apps work by sharing the printers your Mac has access to and allowing iOS to see those printers as being AirPrint enabled. There are some 3rd-party applications that you can install on your Mac to enable printing from your iPhone or iPad. This means even though my iPhone and iPad have the option of printing, they can’t “see” my printer and therefore can’t print to it.īut! There is a solution that doesn’t requiring buying a new printer (though it might be worth it for the toner). In the corner of my office, on top of my filing cabinet, sits a cheap, reliable printer.Īlas, my trusty Brother laser jet doesn’t support AirPrint. ![]() 100 – 200 CE, via the Met Museum, New York This opened the way for further economic and cultural contacts between the Chinese and Central Asia, and could be considered the historic beginning of Silk Road trade.Ĭentral Asian Traders and Kingdoms This sculpture shows the fusion between the Parthians and Romans, ca. To get these horses, Emperor Wu sent an army of several thousand men to Fergana. Emperor Wu was especially interested in the “blood-sweating” horses of the Fergana Valley, which were supposed descendants of the legendary horses of heaven. The emperor hoped that the Yuezhi would become an ally against the Xiongnu, a nomadic people based in present-day Mongolia, and known to Western readers as the “Huns”.Īlthough the desired pact with the Yuezhi never came about, Zhang Qian brought reports to the imperial court that considerably expanded their geographical, ethnographic, and political knowledge of Eurasia. Zhang Qian had been sent to make contact with the nomadic tribes of the Yuezhi, based in the Fergana Valley (present-day Uzbekistan). He traveled from Chang’an to Central Asia on behalf of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The first reliable written reports about the trade along the Silk Road concern the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian (d. When Did the Silk Road Begin? Sancai horse statue depicting a blood-sweating horse of Fergana, Tang Dynasty, via Christie’s Only the dried bones of the dead served as signposts.” One looked as far as one could in all directions for a path to cross, but there was none to choose. Above there were no birds, while on the ground there were no animals. “ In the desert were numerous evil spirits and scorching winds, causing death to anyone who would meet them. The Chinese monk Faxian, having returned from his adventurous journey to India, reported as early as 414 CE of the agonizing and inhospitable challenges of the Taklamakan Desert: ![]() Travelers would have to navigate wars, bandits, earthquakes, and sandstorms. Painting of a traveling monk, Tang dynasty, via the British Museum, London This was an important route for the tea trade throughout South China and Southeast Asia but also contributed to the spread of religions like Taoism and Buddhism across the region. The Southern Silk Road (also known as the Tea-Horse Road) extended from the city of Chengdu in Sichuan Province, China, south through Yunnan into India and the Indochina Peninsula, and extended westwards into Tibet. There, the caravans might go northwards into the Mongolian Plateau, to the great Mongol city of Karakorum, or they would cross the Taklamakan Desert, moving from one small oasis town to the next westwards into Central Asia and on to the Mediterranean Sea. From the starting point of Chang’an (modern Xi’an, China), travelers would go west through the Gansu Corridor to Dunhuang. ![]() The Northern Silk Road is the more famous of the two. Religions, languages, technologies, cultural customs, and even diseases were also brought along the routes.ĭue to geographic and cultural factors, the Silk Road can be divided into northern and southern branches. Other commodities traded included spices, tea, precious metals, clothes, and, above all, paper. But silk was not the only thing brought along the Silk Road. From around the time of Christ, the export of silkworm eggs and mulberry seeds from China was forbidden under the death penalty. Chinese emperors recognized the enormous economic opportunities that would come from monopolizing the luxury product. The best-kept secret of East Asia in ancient times was the manufacture of silk. The naming became the general standard in 1936, when Sven Hedin’s book about his discoveries in Central Asia was titled “The Silk Road”.Ĭeramic figure of a Sogdian trader riding a Bactrian camel, 8th century. Many of Richthofen’s students became important explorers along the Silk Road, among them Sven Hedin, Albert Grünwedel, and Albert von Le Coq. It was first coined in 1877 by the German geographer Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen. The Silk Road was not even known in premodern times, the magical name being a 19th century creation when the West was fascinated by the exotic and oriental East. ![]() This is especially difficult because the Silk Road was not a continuous stretch of road, but a huge network of unmarked and frequently changing routes. What is the Silk Road? The Diamond Sutra, by unknown artist, 868, British Library, Londonĭescribing the history of the millennia-old Silk Road is a challenging undertaking it is a reminder of the difficulties the traveling merchant once faced with his camel caravan, as they traveled across waterless, scorching hot desert stretches and the highest mountain ranges on earth. |
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